“THE PRICE OF SEX”: DOCUMENTARIAN EXPOSES COSTS OF SEX TRAFFICKING
By Paul Freeman The cost of sex? When you’re talking about trafficking, the cost can be incalculably catastrophic, in terms of human suffering. That’s revealed wrenchingly in filmmaker Mimi Chakarova’s riveting documentary, “The Price of Sex.” The investigative film focuses on devastated Eastern European women who have survived sex slavery. The young women, barely existing in desperate, post-Communism poverty, are deceived, whisked way to locales such as Dubai, and trapped in nightmarish circumstances. They vanish into an unspeakable world of sexual abuse. Photojournalist Chakarova, who teaches at U.C. Berkeley, is originally from Bulgaria. So she relates closely to these victimized women. Initially, Chakarova didn’t realize how difficult it would be to capture images of her physically and emotionally shattered subjects. Eventually the women trusted the compassionate Chakarova enough to bare their souls on camera. Their tales of torment are profoundly poignant. Even those who escape from sex slavery don’t escape from the fear. They know they could be caught by their pimps and murdered or resold. These crimes against humanity are perpetrated globally, with the complicity of many politicians and law enforcement agents. Hypocrisy runs rampant. Chakarova’s film is a step towards remedying the situation. The U.S. State Department is now using it to train its employees. Chakarova, with her family, left Bulgaria and moved to Baltimore in 1989. Photography soon became her primary form of self-expression. She earned a degree at the San Francisco Art Institute. A brave and sensitive artist, Chakarova traveled the globe, revealing tragedy and injustice in South African shantytowns and Jamaican slums. She also told, in photos, the stories of mentally, emotionally or physically challenged residents of Oakland, California’s Creative Growth Center. She returned to Eastern Europe to rip the cover off of epidemic sexual enslavement. For her extraordinary work, spending seven years on “The Price of Sex,” Chakarova, 34, received the Human Rights Watch Festival’s Nestro Almendros Award for Courage in Filmmaking. Risking her own safety, she had dared to go undercover, interviewing violent pimps. Chakarova’s deeply moving, disturbing film is drawing fervent response. Those who view Chakarova’s haunting film and absorb more information through the post-screening Q&A, may feel compelled to help. The website, www.priceofsex.org, offers links to many human rights organizations fighting human trafficking. POP CULTURE CLASSICS: MIMI CHAKAROVA: As I was looking at coverage and at images, the way they were portraying the women and the way these investigations were conducted, the idea was, instead of me complaining about how the press is covering this in Europe, as well as here in the States, why don’t I try to do it in a different way? And the primary idea was not to make a documentary film. The primary idea was to go to the places where I come from, as well as nearby countries, and figure out, what are the conditions that really drive women, in particular, to leave, and why are they so desperate for employment in the West? That started out as a photo reportage. What I didn’t relaize is that it would be incredibly difficult to take images, photographs of these women, because most of the women who were trafficked, associate the camera, whether it’s a video camera or a still camera, with their trafficking experience, because, often, when they’re going through the break-in period, when the pimps are breaking them in, they use such devices to record them being gang-raped, being tortured, and they use the tapes or still images that they have as evidence, so they can keep them in check. They would often say, ‘If you ever try to run away, we’ll send this to your family, back in your village.‘ So, as someone with a camera, even though I’m a female, it was really difficult to convince women. Plus there is also the shame and stigma, there are all these layers of difficulty with ‘Look, I’m here to take your picture.’ So because of that, I realized that, if I wanted to continue working on something that deals with sex trafficking, I would have to spend a pretty big chunk of my time establishing trust, before I could even pull out a camera. So, as you see in the film, someone like Vika, who is one of central characters, it took four years before she agreed to go on camera. It’s a pretty long process. PCC: CHAKAROVA: And in a lot of the villages and small towns where I was reporting, these young women had not told the truth to their famililes, because of the stigma of having been a prostitute. Even if you were forced, even if you were sold into sexual slavery, a lot of the family members would disown a girl like this, or they would treat her terribly. So it’s the cultural aspect, that was another reason for making the film. I felt like we needed to really attack the stigma, in that region, in particular. And it’s not only in Eastern Europe. It’s a global sense of shame, which is why so few people talk about this. Even those who survive would rather return to their communities and just keep quiet. And there is also fear, fear that they will be resold, fear that the pimps will find them, punish them, kill them. And a lot of women are killed. And none of us know what the numbers are. It’s very easy for traffickers to find women who can easily disappear. What I mean by that is, is women whose families are not going to have the resources to hire lawyers or investigators or detectives or cops to find them. So they just go on missing, year after year, and no one really knows whether they’re alive or dead. PCC: CHAKAROVA: But keep in mind, the numbers of women who are deported are much higher than the staffs can handle. For example, I met with a psychologist, a therapist, in Moldova, who was working at one of those secret shelters for women, actually the only one in Moldova, and she had counseled 3,000 women that year. And it’s just one person. That was it. One psychologist for 3,000 women. So you can imagine how little time she could devote to every single woman. And most of these women experienced deep PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. Most of them are unable to work. Most of them don’t have the training to work. Some of these NGOs provide employment training, but some of the jobs that they’re training women to do are not necessarily jobs they could get back in their villages, because there are no infrastructures in those villages. So a lot of them, after spending time in the shelter, end up going back home, after two weeks, three weeks, sometimes a few months. And then their life is back to the way it used to be, before they were trafficked, which is no opportunity whatsoever. And what’s even scarier, is that a lot of women end up being re-trafficked. And the second time or the third time, they already know what they would be doing abroad, because they’ve already been sold into sexual slavery. And you ask them, ‘Why would you choose that?’ The answer is, ‘Because I’m already broken. There was already nothing left of me and when I got back to my hometown, I really had no place there. I was depressed. I was sad. I couldn’t tell anyone the truth. I feel like I’m nothing. I might as well leave again and at least try to send some money money home, knowing what I know now, that there is this debt, that I would be accumulating on a daily basis. And maybe, down the line, I could pay it off and actually start making money with my body.’ So it’s very complicated. I hope you could see that in the film, that it’s not a black-and-white story. There are many, many shades of grey in between. PCC: CHAKAROVA: And there is not a single moment where I’m thinking, ‘Oh, I would be smarter than to trust someone.’ I mean, someone you knew, a friend of a relative, comes to your village and says, ‘Listen someone opened a restaurant in Turkey and they need waitresses and you can make 200, 500 U.S. dollars a month, when at home, you’re receiving $60 a month for your whole family in social services. Of course you would go... without a doubt. You’ve got to take that step, because you feel that you have no choice. And then the system chews you up and spits you up and you’re back to that same Point A. That’s what’s most devastating - that after everything they’ve been through, they return to the same type of reality. So they were escaping one type of hell, just to go into a worse type of hell, to return to that initial type of hell. And you can say, ‘Well, wait a second, what do we do?’ There are solutions. Making a film only to expose this and then feeling like you’ve washed your hands of this is not enough. The solutions are multi-layered, multi-leveled. It’s about as simple as supply and demand. Do we have the supply of these women throughout the world? Yes, we do. What about demand? Is the demand being reduced? No, it’s not. So both need to be targeted. Men need to be educated about what it means to pay for a woman. Just because these women may be high or have makeup on or are in some hotel room or some nightclub, does not mean they are there by choice. They need to understand what sex trafficking means, what it involves, how complex it is and who are the main players, who controls the women. And get involved. PCC: CHAKAROVA: The answer to their question is, something that we, the Center for Investigative Reporting, here in the Bay Area, and I, have been building for the last three, four years, is the website, called priceofsex.org. And putting not only resources, pages of different organizations, but connecting the dots. Here is the information. Here are the places we are talking about. Here’s how you can get involved. Here is a place where you can react to what you’re seeing and really create more of a discourse. Some people say we should legalize prostitution. Wait a second, let’s talk about this. How many countries have legalized it? Is trafficking still relevant in those place? Yes, it is. So is legalizing prostitution the right solution? Really, connecting the main dots, which is media to law enforcement and justice systems, the court systems. The courts, not only in the U.S., but globally, how are they treating these women? Why are they not pressing charges? What is the fear factor? So you have media, law enforcement and courts and jails that are dealing with this issue. We need to be able to work together, to be all on the same page. I think that has been the main issue in the last 20 years, is that we’re not all on the same page. People are very disconnected. I can do a film and travel with it for year. Is that enough? Absolutely not. I need to put this film in the hands of people who can take it to cops and train them. I’m putting it in the hands of the U.S. State Department, who are using this on their internet, in embassies throughout the world, to train their employees, to show that, ‘Look, this is a documentary about sex trafficking and these are the women telling their stories’. So these are all steps, in my mind, connecting those dots. People come and watch this film. we’ve had 11 screenings so far since we released it in April - and each one has been sold out. So, to me, that’s an indication that people want to know. They have questions. They stay for the Q&A hours after a screening, not only in the U.S., but in places like London, Denmark, people are staying and being active participants, saying, ‘Wait a second, now what? We care. We want to do something.’ And now I can say to them, ‘Go to priceofsex.org. See what you can do. Post something as a reaction. Allow me to respond to it. What are the questions? Go home. Think about this. Three days later, what’s the main question that pops into your mind? The questions you’re asking me right now, these are questions based on the film that you saw. They’re intelligent questions, because the film moved you.’ So if you have 100 people at a screening and then you multiply that, town after town, city after city, that, to me, is actually creating a movement. PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: Do I feel frustrated? Absolutely. Do I understand how corrupt people can be, how greedy they can be? How complacent? You can’t even say that they’re evil. It’s the banality of evil. It’s the banality of evil that’s scary in this, because you see normal, regular people who are involved in this - little old ladies selling girls. You see guys who can be the guy working at the farmer’s market or the politician that’s smiling and everyone loves. Look, we have examples here in this country of people involved in this. PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: I would be in situations in Istanbul and I would talk to male colleagues of mine and I would say, ‘Guys, can you go in and get certain kinds of footage?’ They would look at me like I’m crazy. They’ll go, ‘Do you know who you’re dealing with? These are mafia guys. It’s the Kurdish mafia. They’re going to kill us. I have a girlfriend, a wife, children. I’m not risking my life for this.’ So, at a certain point, that question of having someone else do it, it becomes clear that, if I did not walk through that door, I could not rely on someone else. It wasn’t that it wasn’t an important subject for people. It was just that it was my journey. And my journey is very much starting from a place of... you can call it ‘survivor’s guilt’ or guilt or coming to the right place at the right time, this didn’t happen to me. But I don’t feel that I’m any different from the women who I’m interviewing. So it’s a quest to find out, ‘How is it that we grew up in the same conditions, but this happened to her and it didn’t happen to me.’ Or hearing the story about ‘Yes, we were taken to this brothel and this is what it was like and there were so many guys there and they’re constantly watching you and you can’t do anything,’ because you’re asking the woman, ‘Why didn’t you escape? Why couldn’t you just leave?’ And she looks at you like you’re crazy, like, ‘Leave? That’s not an option. There are all these guys watching you.’ And for me, wanting to see that with my own eyes, wanting to verify it for myself. And also for the people who are going to watch this film. I cannot only go with a story that a woman is telling me. I have to go and see with my own eyes and document it. PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: And the other aspect to this is, we would write letters home and no one would believe that the conditions that we were facing in Baltimore city were worse than back home, that we were really poor. We grew up in communism and we had this very different image of the West. Very naive image of the West. And if you said that there is poverty in the United States, that there is struggle in the United States, they thought you were making that up. How could that be? This is the United States of America - there could not possibly be poverty. So, in a way, the camera, which was the first thing I bought, after I started working, it was my evidence. It was, ‘See, this is what it looks like. This is where we are. Here are the pictures to prove that.’ PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: So, I would say, if you were to generalize what type of work I have done, before the sex trafficking work began, I would say it’s social documentary, social justice, and conflicts. But do I see myself doing this for the next 30 years of my life? No, I do not. And doing ‘The Price of Sex,’ people come to me and say, ‘You should do a photo project or a documentary on women taken from West Africa and being trafficked to Europe or women in Florida and how they end up in New York or in Texas, or you should do a project on organ trafficking or trafficking of children or trafficking of AK-47s, because you know how to ask the right questions, you know how to get access to that world.’ And you know, I am filled beyond capacity, after 10 years of this. And I think, if I were to make another film, on a similar subject matter, I would only be repeating what you already have seen in this film. So the challenge for anyone who is a journalist or an artist, is how do you recreate yourself? If you were a sponge and you were filled with all of this stuff, how do you cleanse yourself and start over? And the next project that I do will be a documentary and it’s going to be everything that ‘The Price of Sex’ is not. That’s my way of cleansing my soul and being able to continue producing work, because you live with these stories. You don’t close your eyes at night and forget that this exists. You hear these women’s voices. You remember these places. You hear a loud noise and you jump, because you feel that you’re in danger, even when you’re in a place of safety. It affects you. It changes the person you are. It changes the way you preceive the world. It changes the relationships you have with people. You don’t trust people as much anymore, a fter you have seen what I have seen, what these women have seen. You can’t. You would be a fool to. So my challenge, on a personal level, is how do I get to a place of purity, of being able to look at the world and focus on the wonderful things that the world has to offer? And I think, if I were to continue doing stories on conflict and human rights abuses and humanitarian disasters, I would only be digging a deeper hole for myself and also not being able to show people new type of work. And I think, being 34, I still have time, I can still come out of the box that I have created around me and do something else that’s creative and that’s inspiring for young people. PCC: CHAKAROVA: PCC: CHAKAROVA: First of all, this film is not about prostitution. This film is about slavery. Secondly, making a statement like this is like throwing your hands in the air and saying, ‘There’s nothing we can do about this, so let’s just walk away.’ That’s a terrible way to live through life. It’s like saying, ‘War has always existed, so there’s nothing to be done about it. As long as it’s not here, as long as it doesn’t affect my happiness or my little bubble, I don’t have to worry about all these other people dying.’ That is just a terrible way to be, I think. So for me, I’m much more willing to engage in a discussion with people who make such statements, because then I can pose a question like, ‘Do you have a daughter? Do you have a son? Do you have kids? Do you have a sister? Do you have a brother?’ And then, really get them to start thinking. Well, now, wait a second, what if that happened to your kids? What if your daughter was sold into slavery? How would you feel about this? Do you still feel like prostitution should be legalized? Do you still feel like it’s the oldest profession? Men are just men? Boys will be boys? Using all the cliches we have in the language, it’s demeaning to the women, demeaning to other human begings, regardless of whether it’s male or female. Same for women who stand up at these screenings or lectures that I do and say, ‘We should cut off their penises, then there’s going to be no problems with this.’ And that’s just as ignorant as someone saying, ‘Prostitution is the oldest profession. Boys will be boys.’ It’s just the other end of that spectrum. Because the solution is not mutilating anyone. It’s not brutality. We already have enough brutality that we are surrounded by. The solution is asking, ‘How can we create this dialogue? How can we influence perception? How can we change perceptions? How is it that a father takes his son to a brothel at age 12 or 13 or 14?’ I say this to people and they say, ‘What kind of culture is that?’ I say,’ Why do you think that your culture is so superior to the example I just gave you? Don’t men go to strip clubs here, all the time? Isn’t that part of this culture?’ There are so many examples I can give you of the hypocricy in which we live, the way we treat women. Think about what it means to be female here. What does it mean to be beautiful? All of this that we teach our children, our young boys and girls... So this is education that needs to start a lot earlier, by the parents, by the schools, as well, in order to change those perceptions and the way men treat women and the way women treat men. PCC: CHAKAROVA: Another reward is to actually be able to finish something, when, along the way, you have so many walls that you’re hitting, and so many periods of doubt, where you think, ‘I can never overcome this. I can never continue on this. I am tired, too spent, or too sad or too... you can just in the blank, to finally feel that you have something in front of you that you can show to people and that they are actually recognizing it, talking about it, being moved by it. That is the most wonderful reward. PCC: CHAKAROVA: Visit www.priceofsex.org to find out how you can help and to see a list of upcoming screenings. |